There are number of problems occurs in our daily life. These problems should be solved carefully to get the desired solution. Sometimes, we may have to calculate simple interest, we may have to prepare mark sheet, salary sheet and may have to do numerous sophisticated calculations. A computer is a dumb machine which cannot do anything alone without our instructions. We have to give instructions to the computer to do certain specific tasks. So, there should be software and the software is the collection of programs, where programs are the set of instructions which are given by the users. The software is written to solve a particular problem that takes some input from users, process it and give the meaningful result as output. If the instructions are not correct then the computer gives wrong result.

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C is a general-purpose high level language that was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie for the UNIX operating system. It was first implemented on the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 computer in 1972. The UNIX operating system and virtually all UNIX applications are written in the C language. C has now become a widely used professional language for various reasons.  Easy to learn  Structured language  It produces efficient programs.  It can handle low-level activities.  It can be compiled on a variety of computers.

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We are in “Information age” since digital systems have such a prominent and growing role in modern society. They are involved in our business transactions, communications, transportation, medical treatment and entertainment. In industrial world they are heavily employed in design, manufacturing, distribution and sales. Analog System Analog systems process analog signals (continuous time signals) which can take any value within a range, for example the output from a speaker or a microphone. Digital System Digital systems process digital signals which can take only a limited number of values (discrete steps), usually just two values are used: the positive supply voltage (+Vs) and zero volts (0V). Digital systems contain devices such as logic gates, flip-flops, shift registers and counters. The general purpose digital computer is a best known example of digital system.

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